What is tracheostomy tube?

A tracheostomy tube is a medical device that is inserted into the trachea (windpipe) through a surgically-created opening in the neck called a tracheostomy. It is used to help a patient breathe when they are unable to do so on their own due to a medical condition or injury.

There are different types of tracheostomy tubes available, including those with cuffs to prevent air leakage, those with inner cannulas for easier cleaning, and those with specialized features for specific medical conditions. The size and type of tube used depend on the patient's individual needs and the reason for the tracheostomy.

How does tracheostomy tube work?

A tracheostomy tube works by creating an alternative route for air to enter the lungs. The tube is inserted through a surgical incision in the front of the neck and directly into the trachea (windpipe). The tube has a small opening called a lumen, which allows air to pass through it and into the lungs.

When the tracheostomy tube is inserted, the patient's natural airway is bypassed, and air is delivered directly to the lungs through the tube. This can be especially helpful when a patient is unable to breathe normally due to an obstruction in the upper airway or a medical condition that affects their ability to breathe.

The tracheostomy tube is often connected to a ventilator, which helps to push air into the lungs and keep the patient breathing. The ventilator can be adjusted to deliver different amounts of air at different rates, depending on the patient's needs.

In addition to providing a pathway for air to enter the lungs, the tracheostomy tube also helps to remove secretions that may build up in the airway, making it easier for the patient to breathe. The tube can be suctioned periodically to remove these secretions, which can help to prevent infections and other complications.

When is tracheostomy tube suitable for?

A tracheostomy tube may be suitable for patients who require long-term assistance with breathing or for those who have a medical condition that affects their ability to breathe normally. It may be recommended in the following situations:

- Respiratory failure: Tracheostomy tube may be necessary if a patient is unable to breathe adequately on their own, and mechanical ventilation is required to support their breathing.

- Upper airway obstruction: In cases where there is an obstruction in the upper airway due to a tumor, swelling, or other blockage, a tracheostomy tube can bypass the obstruction and provide a direct route for air to enter the lungs.

- Neurological conditions: Patients with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injuries or ALS may require a tracheostomy tube to assist with breathing due to the loss of muscle function required for breathing.

- Severe respiratory infections: Tracheostomy may be necessary in cases of severe respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, where the patient is struggling to breathe.

- Coma: Patients in a coma may require a tracheostomy tube to assist with breathing, particularly if they are expected to be in a coma for an extended period.

- Surgery: Patients undergoing certain types of surgery, such as head and neck surgery or surgery to remove the larynx, may require a tracheostomy tube temporarily to ensure an adequate airway during and after the procedure.

In each of these cases, the decision to use a tracheostomy tube will depend on the patient's individual needs and the specific medical condition or situation.

When should tracheostomy tube not be used?

There are certain situations where a tracheostomy tube should not be used, including:

- Inadequate anatomical landmarks: In some cases, the anatomy of a patient's neck may make it difficult or impossible to perform a tracheostomy safely.

- Bleeding disorders: Patients with bleeding disorders may be at a higher risk of bleeding during a tracheostomy procedure, and the procedure may need to be delayed or avoided altogether.

- Obstructed trachea: If the trachea is severely obstructed, a tracheostomy tube may not be effective in providing a clear airway.

- Infection: If the patient has an active infection in the area where the tracheostomy tube is to be inserted, the procedure may need to be delayed until the infection is under control.

- High-risk patients: Patients who are at a high risk of complications during or after the procedure, such as those with severe respiratory distress, may not be good candidates for a tracheostomy.

- Patients with limited life expectancy: In cases where a patient has a limited life expectancy and is unlikely to benefit from a tracheostomy tube, the procedure may not be recommended.

In each of these situations, the decision to use a tracheostomy tube will depend on the patient's individual needs and the specific medical condition or situation, and the risks and benefits of the procedure will need to be carefully weighed.

What equipment does tracheostomy tube need to be used with?

Tracheostomy tube requires specific equipment to be used properly, including:

- Tracheostomy tube: The tracheostomy tube itself is the primary piece of equipment needed to perform the procedure and maintain a patient's airway.

- Tracheostomy dressing: A dressing is used to cover the tracheostomy site and protect it from infection.

- Tracheostomy ties or collar: These are used to secure the tracheostomy tube in place and prevent it from being dislodged.

- Suction equipment: A suction catheter is used to remove mucus and other secretions from the patient's airway.

- Humidification equipment: Because the tracheostomy bypasses the nose and mouth, which help to humidify and warm the air, additional humidification equipment may be needed to keep the air moist and comfortable.

- Oxygen delivery system: A supplemental oxygen delivery system may be needed to ensure that the patient is receiving adequate oxygen levels.

- Ventilator or breathing machine: A ventilator or breathing machine may be used to help the patient breathe, particularly if they are unable to breathe on their own.

In addition to these basic pieces of equipment, specialized tracheostomy tubes may be needed depending on the patient's individual needs, such as those with cuffs to prevent air leakage or those with inner cannulas for easier cleaning. The specific equipment needed will depend on the patient's condition and the reason for the tracheostomy.

How to use tracheostomy tube?

The use of a tracheostomy tube requires specialized training and should only be performed by qualified healthcare professionals. However, here is a general overview of how a tracheostomy tube is used:

- Prepare the patient: The patient should be positioned appropriately, and any necessary medications or sedation should be administered. The tracheostomy site should be cleaned and prepped for the procedure.

- Insert the tracheostomy tube: The tube is inserted through a small incision made in the patient's neck and is guided into the trachea. The tube is secured in place using tracheostomy ties or a collar.

- Verify proper placement: The healthcare provider will confirm that the tracheostomy tube is in the correct position by observing chest movement, listening for breath sounds, and verifying that the tube is visible in the trachea.

- Connect equipment: Once the tube is in place, the healthcare provider will connect any necessary equipment, such as a suction catheter or oxygen delivery system.

- Monitor the patient: The healthcare provider will monitor the patient closely for any signs of complications or changes in their condition, such as difficulty breathing or infection.

- Provide care and maintenance: The tracheostomy tube will require regular care and maintenance, including cleaning and changing the dressing and ties. The healthcare provider will provide instructions to the patient or caregiver on how to care for the tracheostomy tube at home.

It's important to note that the use of a tracheostomy tube carries risks, and the procedure should only be performed when necessary by trained healthcare professionals.

Risks and precautions of using tracheostomy tube

The use of a tracheostomy tube carries several risks, and precautions should be taken to minimize these risks. Some of the common risks and precautions associated with tracheostomy tube use include:

- Infection: Tracheostomy tubes can increase the risk of infection in the respiratory system. Precautions to minimize the risk of infection include proper hand hygiene, regular cleaning of the tracheostomy tube, and use of sterile techniques during tube changes.

- Bleeding: Tracheostomy tube placement can cause bleeding. Patients with bleeding disorders may require special precautions or adjustments to their anticoagulation therapy before the procedure.

- Tube displacement: The tracheostomy tube can become dislodged, which can cause airway obstruction. Precautions to prevent tube displacement include proper placement and securing of the tube, and monitoring the patient for signs of tube displacement.

- Pneumothorax: The insertion of the tracheostomy tube can cause a pneumothorax, which is a collapsed lung. Precautions to minimize the risk of pneumothorax include proper placement of the tube and monitoring the patient for signs of lung collapse.

Scarring: Tracheostomy tubes can cause scarring in the trachea, which can lead to long-term complications. Precautions to minimize scarring include careful selection of the tube size and proper maintenance of the tube.

- Aspiration: Patients with tracheostomy tubes are at increased risk of aspirating food or liquid into their lungs. Precautions to minimize the risk of aspiration include proper positioning during feeding and swallowing evaluations, and use of thickened liquids when appropriate.

In addition to these risks, tracheostomy tube use requires careful monitoring and maintenance to ensure that the tube remains functional and does not become obstructed or dislodged. Regular assessment of the patient's respiratory status and careful attention to tube care and maintenance are critical to the safe use of tracheostomy tubes.

Following are our quality tracheostomy tubes for your reference.

1.Tracheostomy Tube Without Cuff Medical Grade PVC For Hospital Use

2.Tracheotomy Tube With Cuff Medical Grade PVC For Hospital Use